The Passive

We use the active form to say what the subject does.

• He drove the car yesterday.
• I clean my house once a week.

We use the passive form to say what happens to the subject.

• The car was driven by somebody else yesterday.
• The house was cleaned only yesterday

Sometimes when we use the passive we do not know who did the action.

• My watch was made in Switzerland.
• My car has been damaged.

Sometimes we know who did something but it is not as important as what was done.

• It was sent by Harry yesterday.
• I was told by Sarah.

Often we use the passive to bring the topic we are interested in to the front of the sentence.

• The vegetables are all grown by local farmers.
• This door should be replaced when you have time.
• This weblog is updated by MJ

'Mathlete' smashes human calculation record: museum

Alexis Lemaire, a 27-year-old Frenchman, correctly calculated the 13th root of a random 200-digit number from a possible 393 trillion answers.

The so-called 'mathlete' produced the answer of 2,407,899,893,032,210 in 70.2 seconds, beating his previous record of 72.4 seconds, at London's Science Museum.

A computer was used to produce a random 200-digit number before he sat down to calculate the answer in his head.

The museum's curator of mathematics, Jane Wess, said: "He sat down and it was all very quiet -- and all of a sudden he amazingly just cracked it.

"I believe that it is the highest sum calculated mentally.

"He seems to have a large memory and he's made this his life's ambition. It's quite remarkable to see it happen. A very small number of people have this extraordinary ability; nowadays there is only a handful."

Lemaire, who attends the University of Reims in northern France, began demonstrating his prowess by finding the 13th root of a random 100-digit number but gave up trying to improve his performance when he calculated an answer in under four seconds in 2004.

Likedigit numb an athlete, he trains his brain daily for the far harder task of finding the 13th root of 200-ers.

mj has copyed from: http://news.yahoo.com

Honda robots pair up to lend a hand

TOKYO - As if the idea of having one robot to serve you wasn't unusual enough, Honda says its humanoids are now ready to work in pairs — and they can even serve drinks.

At a demonstration Tuesday at its Tokyo headquarters, automaker Honda Motor Co. showed off two of the child-sized Asimo robots serving tea and performing other tasks in coordination with one another.

The bubble-headed robots seemed to pick their steps carefully as they made their way around the room, picking up and putting down drink trays and pushing around a refreshments cart.

Honda said it has developed a system to link its robots together so they can share information about where each one is and what each is doing.

mj has copyed from : http://news.yahoo.com

The -ing form

There are many verb + -ing combinations. Here are some common ones:

• I admit telling her.
• I appreciate having the raise.
• I avoid speaking to him.
• I consider blowing your nose in public to be wrong.
• I delayed coming until the last possible moment.
• He denied telling her.
• I detest going to parties.
• I dislike speaking in public.
• I enjoy dancing.
• I feel like having a party.
• I've finished writing the report.
• I've given up going to the gym.
• I can't help thinking about it.
• I can't imagine ever leaving this company.
• I don't mind doing that.
• He put off talking to her as long as he could.
• I can't stand drinking beer.

Some verbs can be followed by either the infinitive or –ing form but with different meanings. Here are some common ones:

• I stopped smoking last month. (I no longer smoke.)
• I stopped to smoke a cigarette. (I stopped what I was doing and had a cigarette.)
• I remember telling him. (A memory of the past.)
• I must remember to tell him. (Something to remember for the future.)
• I'm interested in finding out more details. (Interested about the future.)
• I was interested to read his report. (Interested about the past.)

Some verbs can be followed by either the infinitive or –ing form but with the same meaning.

Here are some common ones:

• I love to go shopping.
• I love going shopping.
• I'm afraid to fly.
• I'm afraid of flying.
• I started to learn English 5 years ago.
• I started learning English 5 years ago.
• mj copyed this text from English Grammar Lesson

UNIT 2

فارسی	MEANING	WORD
قبول کردن، تعمید دادن، به فرزندی پذیرفتن	· v. 1 legally take (another’s child) and bring it up as one’s own. 2 choose to take up or follow (an option or course of action). 3 Brit. choose as a candidate for office. Ø formally approve or accept. 4 Brit. (of a local authority) accept responsibility for the maintenance of (a road). 5 assume (an attitude or position).	Adopt
ضمیمه، مربوط	attach · v. 1 fasten; join. Ø include (a condition) as part of an agreement. Ø assign or attribute. 2 [as adj. attached] full of affection or fondness. 3 appoint for special or temporary duties.	Attached
تاکسی، جای راننده کامیون و لوکوموتیو	· n. 1 (also taxi cab) a taxi. 2 the driver’s compartment in a truck, bus, or train. 3 historical a horse-drawn vehicle for public hire.	Cab
آرامش، سکوت	calm · adj. 1 not showing or feeling nervousness, anger, or other emotions. 2 peaceful and undisturbed. · n. 1 the state or fact of being peaceful or tranquil. 2 (calms) an area of the sea without wind. · v. (often calm down) make or become tranquil and quiet.	Calm
گرفت، گرفتار کرد	past and past participle of catch. catch · v. (past and past part. caught) 1 intercept and hold (something which has been thrown, propelled, or dropped). Ø seize or take hold of. Ø Cricket dismiss (a batsman) by catching the ball before it touches the ground. 2 capture (a person or animal that tries or would try to escape). 3 accidentally become entangled or trapped in something. Ø have (a part of one’s body or clothing) become entangled or trapped in something. 4 reach in time and board (a train, bus, or aircraft). Ø reach or be in a place in time to see (a person, performance, etc.). 5 (be caught in) unexpectedly find oneself in (an unwelcome situation). Ø surprise (someone) in an awkward or incriminating situation. 6 engage (a person’s interest or imagination). Ø perceive fleetingly. Ø hear or understand (something said), especially with effort. Ø succeed in evoking or representing. 7 strike (someone) on a part of the body. Ø accidentally strike (a part of one’s body) against something. 8 contract (an illness) through infection or contagion. 9 become ignited and start burning. · n. 1 an act or instance of catching. Ø an amount of fish caught. Ø informal a person considered desirable as a partner or spouse. 2 a device for securing something such as a door, window, or box. 3 a hidden problem or disadvantage. 4 an unevenness in a person’s voice caused by emotion. 5 Music a round, typically one with words arranged to	Caught
سند، گواهی نامه	· n. /s@"tIfIk@t/ 1 an official document attesting or recording a particular fact or event, a level of achievement, the fulfilment of a legal requirement, etc. 2 an official classification awarded to a cinema film by a board of censors, indicating its suitability for a particular age group. · v. /s@"tIfIkeIt/ provide with or attest in an official document.	Certificate
پیشخوان، مقابله به مثل	· n. 1 a long flat-topped fitment across which business is conducted in a shop or food and drinks are served. Ø N. Amer. a worktop. 2 a small disc used in board games for keeping the score or as a place marker. Ø a token representing a coin. 3 a factor used to give one party an advantage in negotiations. 4 a person or thing that counts something. Ø Physics an apparatus used for counting individual ionizing particles or events. · v. 1 speak or act in opposition or response to. 2 Boxing give a return blow while parrying. · adv. (counter to) in the opposite direction to or in conflict with. · adj. responding to something of the same kind, especially in opposition: argument and counter argument. · n. 1 an act or speech which counters something else.	Counter
آفرینش	· n. 1 the action or process of creating. Ø a thing which has been made or invented, especially something showing artistic talent. 2 (the Creation) the creating of the universe, especially when regarded as an act of God. Ø the universe.	Creation
بحث، گفتگو	· v. talk about so as to reach a decision. Ø talk or write about (a topic) in detail.	Discuss
بخش، ناحیه، حوزه	· n. 1 an area or part of a town or region. 2 Brit. a division of a county or region that elects its own councillors.	District
سهولت	· n. absence of difficulty or effort. Ø freedom from worries or problems. · v. 1 make or become less serious or severe. Ø facilitate. 2 move carefully or gradually. Ø (ease something away/down/off) Nautical slacken a rope or sail slowly or gently.	Ease
سهولت، امکان، وسیله	· n. (pl. facilities) 1 a building, service, or piece of equipment provided for a particular purpose. Ø an additional feature of a service or machine. 2 a natural aptitude. Ø absence of difficulty or effort.	Facility
مسطح، دشت، جلگه، بخشی از یک عمارت	· adj. (flatter, flattest) 1 having a level surface; without raised areas or indentations. Ø not sloping. Ø having a broad level surface but little height or depth: a flat box. 2 (of shoes) without high heels. · adv. 1 in or to a horizontal position. Ø lying in close juxtaposition to a surface. Ø so as to become level and even. · n. 1 the flat part of something. 2 an upright section of stage scenery. · v. (flatted, flatting)	Flat
اصلاح کردن، پیشرفت کردن	· v. 1 make or become better. Ø (improve on/upon) achieve or produce something better than. 2 [as adj. improving] giving moral or intellectual benefit.	Improve
غیر مستقیم	· adj. 1 not direct. Ø Soccer denoting a free kick from which a goal may not be scored directly. 2 (of costs) deriving from overhead charges or subsidiary work. 3 (of taxation) levied on goods and services rather than income or profits.	Indirect
سود، علاقه	· n. 1 the state of wanting to know about something or someone. Ø a quality exciting curiosity or holding the attention: a tale full of interest. Ø a subject in which one is concerned. 2 money paid for the use of money lent, or for delaying the repayment of a debt. 3 the advantage or benefit of someone. Ø archaic self-interest. · v. 1 excite the curiosity or attention of. Ø (interest someone in) persuade someone to undertake or acquire.	Interest
اختراع، ابتکار	· n. 1 the action of inventing. Ø something invented. Ø a fabricated story. 2 creative ability.	Invention
مربا، متراکم کردن، شلوغ	· v. (jammed, jamming) 1 squeeze or pack tightly into a space. Ø push roughly and forcibly into a position. Ø crowd so as to block (a road, telephone line, etc.). 2 become or make unable to move or work due to a part becoming stuck. 3 (jam something on) apply something forcibly: he jammed on the brakes. 4 make (a radio transmission) unintelligible by causing interference. 5 informal (in jazz or blues) improvise with other musicians.	Jam
محلی	· adj. relating or restricted to a particular area or one’s neighbourhood. Ø (in technical use) relating to a particular region or part, or to each of any number of these: a local infection. Ø Computing only available for use in one part of a program. · n. a local person or thing. Ø Brit. informal a pub convenient to a person’s home. Ø N. Amer. a local branch of a trade union. Ø Stock Exchange slang a floor trader who trades on their own account, rather than on behalf of other investors.	Local
پیشرو	· n. a person in a vehicle or on horseback who escorts or guards another vehicle. Ø US a mounted official who escorts racehorses to the starting post. Ø US a mounted herdsman who prevents cattle from straying.	Outrider
کامل، بی عیب	· adj. /"p@;fIkt/ 1 having all the required elements, qualities, or characteristics. 2 free from any flaw; faultless. 3 complete; absolute: it made perfect sense. 4 Mathematics (of a number) equal to the sum of its positive divisors, e.g. the number 6, whose divisors (1, 2, 3) also add up to 6. · v. /p@"fEkt/ 1 make perfect. 2 bring to completion. · n. /"p@;fIkt/ (the perfect) Grammar the perfect tense.	Perfect
آلودگی	pollute · v. 1 contaminate (water, the air, etc.) with harmful or poisonous substances. 2 corrupt.	Pollution
آماده کردن، مهیا کردن	· v. 1 make available for use; supply. Ø (provide someone with) equip or supply someone with. 2 (provide for) make adequate preparation or arrangements for. Ø (of a law) enable or allow (something to be done). 3 stipulate in a will or other legal document.	Provide
کمیت	· n. (pl. quantities) 1 a certain amount or number. Ø a considerable number or amount. 2 the property of something that is measurable: wages depended on quantity of output, regardless of quality. 3 Phonetics the perceived length of a vowel sound or syllable.	Quantity
نپذیرفتن، آشغال	refuse1 /rI"fju;z/ · v. indicate unwillingness. Ø indicate unwillingness to accept or grant (something offered or requested). Ø (of a horse) decline to jump (a fence or other obstacle). refuse2 /"rEfju;s/ · n. matter thrown away as worthless.	Refuse
ازدحام، یورش، کاری را با عجله انجام دادن	· v. 1 move or act or cause to move or act with urgent haste. Ø take somewhere with urgent haste. Ø (rush something out) produce and distribute something very quickly. Ø deal with (something) hurriedly. 2 (of air or a liquid) flow strongly. 3 dash towards (someone or something) in an attempt to attack or capture them or it. Ø American Football advance towards (an opposing player, especially the quarterback). Ø American Football gain a specified amount of ground by running forward with the ball.	Rush
جای دیدنی	sightseeing · n. the activity of visiting places of interest in a particular location.	Sightsee
ابله، احمقانه	· adj. (sillier, silliest) 1 lacking in common sense or judgement; foolish. 2 trivial or frivolous.	Silly
به آرامی	· adj. 1 having an even and regular surface; free from projections or indentations. Ø (of a liquid) having an even consistency; without lumps. 2 (of movement) without jerks. 3 without problems or difficulties. 4 (of a flavour) without harshness or bitterness.	Smooth
راه حل، محلول	· n. 1 a means of solving a problem. Ø the correct answer to a puzzle. 2 a liquid mixture in which the minor component (the solute) is uniformly distributed within the major component (the solvent). Ø the process or state of being dissolved.	Solution
رکاب	· n. 1 each of a pair of devices attached at either side of a horse’s saddle, in the form of a loop with a flat base to support the rider’s foot. 2 (lithotomy stirrups) a pair of metal supports for the ankles used during gynaecological examinations and childbirth (originally used in lithotomy).	Stirrup
تحمل کردن، رنج بردن	· v. 1 experience or be subjected to (something bad or unpleasant). Ø (suffer from) be affected by or subject to (an illness or ailment). Ø become or appear worse in quality. Ø archaic undergo martyrdom or execution.	Suffer

unit 3 : time for a change

Convenient

راحت ، مناسب ، راه دست.

Convenient

Something that is convenient is useful or suitable for a particular purpose and often saves you time or effort.

Bright

تابناك ، روشن ، درخشان ، تابان ، افتابي ، زرنگ ، باهوش

Bright	Bright and early means very early in the morning.
Bright	If the future is bright, it is likely to be pleasant and successful.
Bright	If someone looks or sounds bright, they look or sound cheerful.
Bright	A bright idea is clever and original.
Bright	Bright people are quick at learning things.
Bright	A place or a day that is bright has a lot of light or sunshine.
Bright	A bright light shines very strongly.
Bright	A bright colour is strong and noticeable, and not dark.

Spacious

فراخ ، جادار، وسيع ، جامع ، گشاد، فضادار، مفصل.

Spacious

A spacious building or vehicle is large and has plenty of room in it.

Shabby

پست ، دون ، نخ نما، كهنه ، ژنده.

Shabby	Shabby behaviour is unfair or unacceptable.
Shabby	A shabby person is wearing old, worn clothes.
Shabby	Something that is shabby looks old and is in bad condition.

Expense

برامد، هزينه ، خرج ، (مخارج) مصرف ، فديه.

Expense	If you achieve something at someone's expense, you do it in a way that harms them.
Expense	If you make a joke at someone's expense, you do it to make them seem foolish.
Expense	If you do something at someone's expense, they provide the money for it.
Expense	Your expenses are the money you spend while doing something connected with your work, which is paid back to you afterwards.
Expense	Expense is the money that something costs or that you need to pay for something.

m

j

In the name of God

Inter 2

Unit 4

مترادف	معني	لغت
	نژادي‌، قومي	ethnic
	قبيله‌اي‌، طايفه‌اي‌	tribal
	سس‌، چاشني	sauce
	جو	barley
	گندم‌	wheat
	سويا	soy
plate	ظرف‌، بشقاب‌	dish
food ،  meat	خوراك‌، غذا	dish
	باقلا، لوبيا، دانه‌	bean
	سير	garlic
	ادويه‌	spice
	گوشت‌ گاو	beef
	ترد كردن‌ گوشت‌ با آب‌ ليمو و ...‌	marinate
	ترشي‌	pickle
meat derived from pigs	گوشت‌خوك	pork
	خوك‌، گراز	pig
	مشتق‌ شدن‌، ناشي‌ شدن‌ از	derive
	كاسه‌	bowl
	اب‌ ميوه‌ ، شربت‌	juice
	ليموترش	lime
	فلفل	pepper
	كاري‌، زردچوبه‌ هندي‌	curry
	غني	rich
	گوشت‌ چهارپايان‌	meat
	غذاى اصلى	meat
	اشتها	appetite
	پيش‌ غذا	appetizer
	غذاهاي‌ مركب‌ از جانوران‌ دريايي‌	seafood
	ماهي	fish
	محبوب	popular
attempt	كوشش‌ كردن‌	try
	كشور، ديار	country
	بيرون‌ شهر، دهات‌، ييلاق‌	country
	مطلوب‌، برگزيده‌	favorite
	شنيدن‌، گوش‌ كردن	hear
	صوت‌، صدا	sound
	به‌ نظر رسيدن‌	sound
	عجيب و غريب	strange
	ناشناس‌، غريبه‌	strange
	حلزون‌	snail
tasty	لذيذ ، خوشمزه	delicious
	تصميم گرفتن	decide
	سفارش	order
awful	ترسناک	scary
	سرخ کرده	fried
like better	ترجيح‌ دادن‌ ، برتري‌ دادن‌	prefer
	مغز	brain
	طوفان ذهني	brain storming
	سحر اميز	magical
	جادو گر	wizard
	قاشق چاى خورى	tea-spoon
	قاشق سوپ خورى	table-spoon
	نمکدان	Saltshaker
	نمک طعام	Salt
tremble	لرزاندن ، تکان دادن	shake
	ماهى تابه	pan
in motion	جابجا کردن ، حرکت دادن	move
	فرخوراک پزى	stove
	اجاق گاز	oven
	كابينت	cupboard
	كمد	closet
	کابينه ، هيئت دولت	cabinet
	وزير	minister
	دولت	government
	رئيس‌ جمهور، رئيس‌ دانشگاه‌	president
	قوري‌ چاي‌	teapot
	كتري	kettle
	بطور سطحى خواندن	skim
sharp	زيرك ، هوشمند	smart
	خوراك‌ مختصر و سرپايي‌	snack
	دريغ‌ داشتن‌، مضايقه‌ كردن‌	spare
	خاكستري	gray
	حرف‌ بي‌ صدا	consonant
group،  bunch	دسته‌، گروه‌	cluster
	وعده غذايي ، شام‌ يا نهار	meal
	رژيم غذايي	diet
	پي‌ گيري‌ كردن‌	follow-up
	گياهخواري‌	vegetarian
plant	گياه‌ ، سبزي‌	vegetable
	گم‌ كردن‌	lose
miss	از دست‌ دادن‌	lose
	باختن‌، شكست‌ خوردن‌	lose
success	بردن‌، پيروز شدن‌	win
	واقعا ، در حقيقت‌	actually
	نارگيل	coconut
	اناناس	pineapple
	بادنجان	eggplant
	هويج	carrot
	كاهو	lettus
	كلم	cabage
	پختن‌	bake
cook in oil	سرخ کردن	fry
grill	بريان‌ كردن‌، برشته‌ شدن‌	roast
	جوشاندن ‌، آب پز كردن	boil
	کباب کردن	barbecue
	بخار پز كردن	steam
	پوره	mashed
	گوشت‌ كوب‌	masher
	بادام‌ زميني‌	peanut
	كره	butter
	برش‌، قاش‌، تكه‌	slice
	آب شدن ، ذوب کردن	melt
	درهم‌ كردن‌ ‌، مخلوط كردن‌	mix
roll out	پراكنده ساختن، پهن کردن	spread
	سيخ‌كباب‌	skewer
	زغال‌ چوب‌	charcoal
	توضيح‌ دادن‌	explain
	خربزه‌	melon
	هندوانه	watermelon
	خيار	cucumber
	‌ انبه‌	mango
	طالبى	cantelope
	گلابي	pear
	سيب‌ زميني‌	potato
	گوجه‌ فرنگي‌	tomato
	زيتون	olive
	نان‌ شيريني‌ حلقوي‌	bagel
	ذرت	corn
	ذرت‌ بو داده‌	popcorn
	دستور خوراك‌ پزي‌	recipe
	رنده‌ کردن	grate
	رنده‌ شده	grated
	ريزشده ، خرد شده‌	shredded
	ريز، خرده‌، ذره‌	shred
	سركه‌	vinegar
	مكعب مكعب كردن	diced
	طاس‌ تخته‌ نرد	dice
	خيارشور	gherkin
	عناصر ، مواد لازم	ingredients
	تقسيم کردن	share
topic	موضوع	issue
	هسته	core
	آجيل	nuts
	هلو	peach
	آبكش	Sieve
spread out	پاشيدن	sprinkle
	ماليدن	rub
	انتخابات	election
	تغذيه	nutrition
skilled	متخصص	expert
relaxed	آرامش داشتن	calm down
happiness	شادي‌، خوشي	cheer up
affect	تاثير کردن	influence
	فعاليتهاي شيميايي مغز	brain chemistry
	بخوبى	as well as
	پيشدستي‌ كردن‌	outsmart
late	اخير	recent
inquiry	تحقيق	research
look for	جستجو كردن‌ ‌	search
propose	پيشنهادكردن	suggest
liberate،  set free	رها كردن‌، آزاد كردن‌	release
keep away	اجتناب كردن ، ممانعت كردن	avoid
add to	افزودن‌، زياد شدن‌	increase
reduce	كاستن، كم‌ شدن‌	decrease
soothe	آرام کردن ،تسکين دادن	smooth
	حبوبات ، غلات	grains
	امنيت	secure
inside	در داخل‌، توي‌	within
outside, out of doors	بيرون‌، بيرون‌ از	without
	معدني	mineral
	معدن	mine
	افسرده‌، داراي‌ خلق‌ گرفته‌	the blue
	گوشت با چربي	lean meat
	گوشت لخم	leal meat
	معرفي‌ كردن‌	introduce
include	شامل شدن ، در برداشتن	contain
	دلواپس‌ ، مظطرب، نگران	anxious
touchy	زورد رنج‌، حساس	irritable
	متمايل شدن	turn to
	راحت‌	comfort
	غذاهاي شادي آور	comfort foods
	دسر	dessert
	بيابان	desert
	شامل شدن ، در برداشتن	include
	خلاص‌ كردن‌ از رنج‌ و عذاب‌	relieve
	مقاله‌، گفتار	article
	بدست‌اوردن	gain

  A-H.R

PRESS TV :the media

PRESS TV is an English language international television news channel which is funded by the Iranian government, based in Tehran and broadcasts in English on a round-the-clock schedule. With 26 international correspondents and more than 400 staff around the world, its stated mission is to offer a different and unbiased view of the world events.

Vision
Heeding the often neglected voices and perspectives of a great portion of the world;
Embracing and building bridges of cultural understanding;
Encouraging human beings of different nationalities, races and creeds to identify with one another;
Bringing to light untold and overlooked stories of individuals who have experienced the vitality and versatility of political and cultural divides firsthand.

mj has copyed from : www.presstv.ir

می نویسم دیدار ...

می نویسم : دیدار

 

می نویسد – بر دل – :

 

« تو اگر بی من و دلتنگ منی

 

یک به یک فاصله ها را بردار »

 

 

امام زمان (عج) در توقیعی شریف فرموده اند:  

 

« ما را از شیعیان دور نگه نمی دارد، مگر اعمال و رفتار آنها که به ما می رسد و برای ما ناخوشایند و دور از انتظار است. »

 

 

بحار ج ۵۳ ص ۱۷۷

 

Bluesky‌

Friday evening

اباصالحم!

 

می دونم وقتی زمین می خورم،

 

دل شکسته ی تو بیشتر به درد میاد تا بال شکسته ی من

 

به فدای «هل من ناصر» های غریبانه ات! به فدای انتظار طولانیت! باور می کنی وقتی در پیروی نفس، از راهی که تو رهبرش هستی  دور می افتم، گاهی برای غریبی تو بیشتر دلم می گیره تا سقوط خودم؟

 

من دعا می کنم آقا

 

اما دعای مرا که قدری نیست...ای آبرومند! تو آمین بگوی:

 

ای که مرا برای پرواز آفریدی

 

یا اله العاصین! اسارت در چاه نفس را بر من مپسند

 

ارحم الراحمینم! بر من رحم کن، در این روزها که فرصت عروج از همیشه مهیاتر است، دستانم را بگیر...

 

یا نور المستوحشین فی الظُلَم! نکند این فرصت ها بگذرد و من هنوز زمینگیر و نابینا و دور از تو مانده باشم...

 

خدایا! من تنها تو را دارم...

 

 

 

 

الهی فَلَکَ اسئل و الیک اَبتَهِلُ و ارغب و اسئلک اَن تصلی علی محمد وآل محمد و اَن تجعلنی ممن یُدیم ذکرک و لا یَنقضُ عهدک و لا یَغفُلُ عن شکرک و لا یستخف بامرک

 

الهی و الحقنی بنور عِزِکَ الابهج فاکون لک عارفا و عن سواک منحرفا و منک خائفا مراقبا یا ذالجلال و الاکرام و صل علی محمدٍ رسوله و اله الطاهرین و سلم تسلیما کثیرا

 

(فرازی از مناجات شعبانیه)

 

 

Bluesky

persian gulf

 "Persia with Part of the Ottoman Empire" by G. Long, M.A., 1831. "Published Under the Superintendence of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge" Engraved by J. & C. Walker. 13 1/2" x 16 1/2". A wonderful map of the Iraq/Iran area. At the western edge is the River Euphrates flowing through "Irak" and into the Persian Gulf with the "Bahrein" coast shown as far south as the Quatar peninsula and Oman. Continues as far east as the eastern border of Iran (labelled "Khorassan"). There are many interesting annotations on the map (e.g. "36 days jouney from Yezd to Dooshak for a loaded camel") and much other detail. Condition: Some agetoning and some light spotting, one brown spot that looks like a drip of a coffee, otherwise very good condition. Note: Scan does not show margins of map.

mj has copyed from : www.persiangulfonline.org

Slang of the Day

WIMP   Definition:	A weak or fearful person; someone who lacks courage.
Example:	1) I was too much of a wimp to play sports in high school. 2) Don't be such a wimp -- riding a bike can't hurt you!
Etymology:	A 'whimper' is a small cry of pain or fear. Someone who whimpers a lot and is afraid of getting hurt is a thus a 'wimp'.
Synonyms:	sissy, wuss, chicken

 

Bluesky

TEST ANXIETY

Test Anxiety

WHAT IS TEST ANXIETY?

Too much anxiety about a test is commonly referred to as test anxiety. It is perfectly natural to feel some anxiety when preparing for and taking a test.  In fact, a little anxiety can jump start your studying and keep you motivated.  However, too much anxiety can interfere with your studying. You may have difficulty learning and remembering what you need to know for the test.  Further, too much anxiety may block your performance during the test. You may have difficulty demonstrating what you know during the test.

  Bluesky

 

 

Past Continuous

We use the past continuous to talk about past events which went on for a period of time.

We use it when we want to emphasize the continuing process of an activity or the period of that activity. (If we just want to talk about the past event as a simple fact, we use the past simple.)

• While I was driving home, Peter was trying desperately to contact me.
• Were you expecting any visitors?
• Sorry, were you sleeping?
• I was just making some coffee.
• I was thinking about him last night.
• In the 1990s few people were using mobile phones.

We often use it to describe a "background action" when something else happened.

• I was walking in the street when I suddenly fell over.
• She was talking to me on the phone and it suddenly went dead.
• They were still waiting for the plane when I spoke to them.
• The company was declining rapidly before he took charge.
• We were just talking about it before you arrived.
• I was making a presentation in front of 500 people when the microphone stopped working.
• mj was copying a text from www.english-grammar-lessons.com when he was happy.

basij

The Basij (also Bassij or Baseej, Persian: بسيج), is a volunteer based Iranian paramilitary force that was founded by Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini in November of 1979. The Basij are currently subordinate to the Army of the Guardians of the Islamic Revolution (often known in the west as the "Revolutionary Guards"). The official name of the body means Basij Resistance

Basij forces often undertake general security checks in urban areas such as setting up street inspection posts to intercept drug smuggling and potential insurgency,^{[citation needed]} although the number of Basij check points dramatically decreased after the Iran-Iraq war and following the disarmament of the MKO militant group in Iran. Basij also acts as an emergency management service, and is actively mobilized in case of earthquakes and other natural or human-made disasters. According to the Jordan Institute of Diplomacy and GlobalSecurity.org Basij forces also enforce Iran's Islamic codes together with other law enforcement organisations, though this also has experienced a considerable decline. The Basij has a quasi-decentralised network with branches in almost every Iranian mosque.^[1]

The Iranian Government has exercised a manifold of different plans to keep the Basij alive, as its security role has been an ever-decreasing one after the end of the Iran-Iraq war. Among these plans is the emphasis on ideas such as Development Basij (Basij-e-Sazandegi).

mj has copyed from : Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia